Advantages vs Disadvantages：利弊题写法

优劣讨论论文是写作任务 2 中常见类型。该类型有三种不同的可能性和问题类型，应根据不同的类型相应地组织文章。 因此，要仔细阅读题目，再进行头脑风暴。

题型 1) 只讨论优缺点

这类问题只问某事的优点和缺点，不征求作者的意见。 因此，通过头脑风暴列出有说服力的优点和缺点是唯一要求。 写作思路最好将优点全部安排在一个主体段落，缺点写在另外一个段落。

练习 1

The tourism industry has been growing significantly at the international level over the past two decades.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of this industry?

1. Keywords about advantages: ___

1. 2. Keywords about disadvantages:

1. Paraphrase the question, and state your opinion.

范文

Introduction

题目改写：The growth of the tourism industry has been remarkable globally in recent years.

高度概括主题段要陈述的优缺点：This industry has benefited countries worldwide economically; however, it might have some environmental and cultural drawbacks.

主体段1（写优点）

主题句：The two main advantages of international traveling are creating jobs for local people and boosting the economy.

解释：In simple terms, traveling overseas will engage various businesses and bring about more job vacancies.

举例论证：International airline companies provide people with affordable flights and accommodation. Correspondingly, the hotel industry, local shops, and restaurants will have to employ more staff to serve and welcome travelers.

第二个优点：This pattern will increase employment rates creating a healthy economy, which eases the burden of joblessness on the government’s shoulders. Therefore, more urgent issues could be taken care of if the economy evolves on its own. 举例论证：An example of this is Europe, an attractive tourist destination in the past two decades. A significant number of people visit Europe every year for entertainment and inspiration. Therefore, most European countries have been economically flourishing.

主体段2（写缺点）

第一个缺点：One of the most distinctive drawbacks of tourism is air pollution. 解释：It is a fact that tour operators are in an intense competition to make more profits. In doing so, they offer international no-frill flights and tour packages, which give rise to air pollution levels. 举例论证：Indeed, airline companies are liable for 55% (可以在写作中加入数据支持，只要不是太离谱就没问题) of global air pollution. 第二个缺点：Another demerit of the tourism industry is the loss of local culture. 解释：In other words, the prevalence of overseas traveling results in loss of cultural identity over time. Local businesses and restaurants have noticed a high demand for more customized foods and services to satisfy their international customers; thus, authenticity will soon fade away permanently. 举例论证：For instance, most restaurants in Japan have tailored their food items to appease their international visitors. This alteration regrettably means loss of ethnicity with time.

Conclusion

总结优点和缺点：In conclusion, although tourism offers a few benefits to everyone involved in this industry and boosts the economy overall, it may adversely influence the environment and cultures.

题型 2) 优劣对比类

在这种类型的论文中，考生需要讨论某事或某种情况的优点是否大于其缺点。 因此，除了在论文陈述优点和缺点以外，还需要提出个人倾向并在结论中重申。需要注意的是，该问题要求考生评论赞成一方的整体权重，而不单单是你列出的优势或劣势的数量。 文章结构安排上，可以在第一个主体段中提及较弱的一面，第二个段落中提及较强的一面并提出个人倾向。这样文章结构看起来更稳定更有说服力。

练习 2

Space exploration has been an ongoing field of research in the 21st century. What are the advantages and disadvantages of exploring space? Do you agree that its advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

1. advantages and keywords: ___

2. disadvantages and keywords:

Develop body paragraph 1

First of all, _

___. Secondly, __

__. An example of this is _,

Develop body paragraph 2

Nonetheless, ___

__. Furthermore, _

题型 3) 优劣对比加观点类

这种类型的问题与陈述观点类文章非常相似，两种观点都应该讨论，并且必须给出作者的意见。但是，陈述观点类要讨论的是题目中给出的两个观点，而此类要先列出一个问题的优点和缺点，并给出自己的观点。因此，在段落安排上，可以安排三个主体段（分别讨论优点、缺点、和个人观点），如果作者的观点在引言和结论中得到了明确的陈述和扩展，也没有必要发展第三个主体段。（如果写三个主体段会更费时，根据自己的情况提前布局）

练习3

Modern agricultural methods have replaced traditional ways of farming in most countries.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this modernity and give your own opinion.

1. advantages and keywords: ___

2. disadvantages and keywords:

your opinions

Develop body paragraph 1

First of all, _

___. Secondly, __

__. For instance, __

Develop body paragraph 2

Nonetheless, ___

__. Furthermore, _

Develop body paragraph 3

In my opinion, __