Flowcharts & Maps：雅思小作文流程图与地图题写法

流程图重点：

• 使用 ？语态，使用 ？时态；
• 非限定性定语从句 + 时间状语从句；
• 描述步骤的词汇/语句；
• 灵活合并和拆分步骤；

The bottles are filled with wine before transported to the markets to be sold.

文章结构：

1) Introduction: 同义改写，可用“illustrate ,” “represent ,” “describe ” 和 “show ” 等词汇。(注意如果没有图像，不要用illustrate)

2) Overview: 宏观特征，注意流程的开始和结束，并提及一共有多少步骤（如果步骤太多或者不好数，可以含糊带过，如：in a few steps）

3) 两个主题段：有逻辑地分段。

步骤相关词汇：

To begin / first / firstly / first of all / second / secondly / then / next / after that / following this / following that / at this point / subsequently / before / after / thereafter / lastly / finally

练习 1：根据题目，补全文章内容。

The following diagram shows steps in producing wine in a small winery.

Summarize the information by reporting the main steps.

1) Introduction 请用一句话Paraphrase题目

The diagram illustrates how wine is made in a small-scale winery.

2) Overview 请用中文描述宏观的特点，并用英文写出

(提示：一共有几步，从什么开始到什么结束？)

Overall, __

• Suggestion

  The process involves eight distinct stages, combining manual labor, machinery, and fermentation techniques to produce wine.

3) 主体段1 描写前一半步骤

First of all, （第1～2步）grapes are harvested from the vineyard either by workers or by special machinery. Following this step, （第3步）__

Next, （第4步，复杂句：葡萄在被压缩前会进行清洗，移除叶子和茎）___

• Suggestion

  First of all, （第1～2步）grapes are harvested from the vineyard either by workers or by special machinery. Following this step, （第3步）the gathered crop is put in containers. Next, （第4步，复杂句：葡萄在被压缩前会进行清洗，移除叶子和茎）grapes are washed, and leaves and stems are removed from vines by hand before the grapes are crushed by a presser to produce grape juice.

4) 主体段2 描写后一半步骤

At this point, （第5步，为了不重复描述，这里拆分了步骤：酵母被加入葡萄汁中）__

（第六步）The juice is poured in barrels, which are made of oak wood to finish the process of fermentation. The resulting liquid is then left in barrels for two months to be completely fermented. （第7～8步，复杂句：当葡萄酒发酵完成，会在被卡车运往仓库之前，被装进瓶子中并贴上标签）___

主体段技巧：合理分段（均分步骤或者根据更合理的逻辑）；合并步骤（复杂句）；xx拆分步骤（增加细节详细描述）；步骤连接词的运用。

• Suggestion

  At this point, （第5步，为了不重复描述，这里拆分了步骤：酵母被加入葡萄汁中）yeast is added to the grape juice so that it is fermented. （第六步）The juice is poured in barrels, which are made of oak wood to complete the process of fermentation. The resulting liquid is then left in barrels for two months to be completely fermented. （第7～8步，复杂句：当葡萄酒发酵完成，会在被卡车运往仓库之前，被装进瓶子中并贴上标签）When the wine is ready, it is poured into bottles, which are labeled before being shipped to the storage unit by trucks.

练习 2

The diagram shows how a biofuel called ethanol is produced.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

1) Introduction 请用一句话Paraphrase题目

• Sample

  The given flowchart depicts the whole process of the production and consumption of ethanol, a biofuel.

2) Overview 请用描述两个宏观的特点

Overall, the process is cyclical and involves both natural and industrial stages, starting from the growth of plants and trees to its final use as fuel.

3) 主体段1 描写前一半步骤

• Sample

  Based on the given diagram, plants and trees grow by utilizing sunlight and absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Once mature, they are harvested using machinery. The harvested parts undergoes pre-processing, where cellulose is extracted, which serves as the raw material for ethanol production.

4) 主体段2 描写后一半步骤

• Sample

  In the next stage, the cellulose is processed and broken down into sugars, which are then fermented by adding microbes. This fermentation process results in the production of ethanol, which can be used as fuel. The ethanol is subsequently distributed and consumed by various modes of transportation, such as cars, trucks, and airplanes. During fuel consumption, carbon dioxide is released back into the atmosphere, completing the cycle.

练习 3

The flowchart below shows how handmade soap is produced.

Summarize the information by reporting and describing the main steps.

*Lye is a chemical substance used in the production of washing products, such as soap.

1) Introduction 请用一句话paraphrase 题目

2) Overview 两句话描述主要特征（一共多少步，从哪开始哪里结束）

3) Body paragraph 1 描述加热前的步骤

4) Body paragraph 2 描述加热后的步骤

In the subsequent step, the mixture is heated up at 140-degree centigrade to be melted before being poured into a mold. The mold is then covered with a towel to keep the heat for 24 hours. Lastly, the soap, which is removed from the mold, is cut into slices before being used for personal consumption.

地图重点：

• 结合主动和被动语态；
• 正确使用时态很关键；
• 使用准确的地点描述词汇、正确使用介词；
• 描述改变的语句结构；
• 结合对比和描述；

地图结构：

1) Introduction 同义改写，可使用“represent ,” “show ,” or “illustrate .” 等词汇。

2) Overview，指出最显眼的对比或改变。

3) 主体段，按照明显的逻辑分段。

思路一：一段描写图一的方位；一段描写其改变；

思路二：方位和改变用复杂句同时描写；

必备语料：

描述大体的改变表达

• From 1990 to 2015, the city center witnessed significant developments.
• The town was modernized considerably over the period.
• During the 20 years, the residential area was completely transformed.
• Between 1995 and 2000, the industrial area was reconstructed.
• The area lost a massive portion of its green space due to deforestation.

描述细节的改变表达 （多用被动）

• Shops are removed and replaced with a department store.
• The pier was reconstructed over the river.
• The factory in the city center was knocked down and relocated to southern areas.
• The warehouse was demolished, and new apartments were built.
• The forest was chopped down and replaced with farmland.
• The trees were cut down to make way/room for a new railway.
• The road was extended, and the bridge was expanded.

回忆练习：

• Shops _ a department store.

  商店被拆除并被一家百货商店取代。

• The pier _ over the river.

  码头在河上被重建。

• The factory in the city center _ to southern areas.

  市中心的工厂被推倒并搬迁到南部地区。

• The warehouse was __, and new apartments __.

  仓库被拆除，新的公寓被建造。

• The forest _ **farmland.

  森林被砍伐，并被农田取代。

• The trees **_a new railway.

  树木被砍伐，以腾出空间修建一条新铁路。

• The road **__, and the bridge __.

  道路被延长，桥梁被扩宽。

练习 4

The following maps depict changes that have occurred in a small village over a period.

Summarize the information by selecting the main features and making comparisons.

1) Introduction 转述题目

The two maps illustrate how a village has changed from 1970 up until now.

2) Overview 主要的改变

Overall, there have been significant changes transforming the area into a modernized region, with the addition of modern infrastructure, commercial establishments, and recreational facilities, replacing the natural and traditional elements that once dominated the landscape.

思路一：

3) Body paragraph 1 逻辑分段：描述图一方位

In 1970, the area was largely undeveloped, with a vast expanse of forested land in the south. A river flowed from the mountains in the northwest corner to a lake in the south, which was surrounded by dense trees. Scattered houses were situated on both sides of the river, connected by a single bridge. The area around the lake hosted wild animals, camping tents, and picnic areas. To the northeast of the village, there was farmland, while below it, an open market and a parking zone were marked on the map.

4) Body paragraph 2 逻辑分段：描述改变

• Sample

  At present, the rural landscape has undergone significant modernization. The farmland has been replaced by a factory, and the open market has given way to a large shopping mall with an expanded parking area. Small houses have been replaced by several apartments on the right side of the river. Although the lake remains, it has been reduced to a small pond with seating areas to its north, removing the tents and driving away wild animals. Additionally, part of the forest in the south has been cleared to make room for a sitting area.

思路二：

3) Body paragraph 1 逻辑分段：自然资源的转变

In 1970, the village used to be more natural-looking with a vast forest in southern parts, which is now partly cut down to be replaced by a park in the southeast. The river, which runs from the mountain, used to flow into a large lake, which is now shrunk into a pond. Moreover, the woods would provide a natural habitat for wildlife, which is now being pushed away due to deforestation. Another noticeable change is the campsite around the lake, which is now limited to a day-use picnic area.

4) Body paragraph 2 逻辑分段：城市建筑的转变

• Sample

  The village now looks more urbanized. In the past, a small population used to live on both sides of the river, which was accessible by a bridge. However, the bridge is now removed, and houses are replaced by apartment buildings to the river’s east side. In the northeast, the farm is converted into factories. Moreover, the open market has made way for a large shopping mall. Besides, the car park between the park and the market is expanded.

练习 5

The diagrams show a museum and its surroundings in 1990 and 2010.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

(1) 博物馆的位置在公路的西北面;

(2) 1990 年，介绍garden, store room, entrance, shop, empty rooms, cottage, path和carpark的位置;

(3) 2010年，shop向西扩大了面积，把cottage改建成cafe, garden被car park替换。

• Sample

  The diagrams above show the layout of a museum and its grounds in the years 1990 and 2010.

  during/over the period from 1990 to 2010 (between 1990 and 2010)

  during/over 20 years (2 decades, the course of twenty years)

  It appears that changes were made to both the museum itself and the surrounding area. And in both years, the entire northern quarter of the grounds consisted of a garden which remains unchanged.

  (博物馆内部)

  In the year 1990, the inside of the museum contained a storeroom near the northwestern corner of the building which is slightly smaller compared to two decades later. An entrance on the eastern side and a small shop on the eastern wall adjacent to the entrance, were both altered in size.

  （博物馆外部）

  Outside the museum, a cottage that took up the southern half of the building was replaced by a café occupying approximately the same area. Additionally, a path separates the building from an area to the east that is dedicated to a car park and a garden, and the two are divided by an s-curved separator. In the 2010 diagram, the car park and garden had been renovated so that the s-curve was removed, with the two now in the shape of congruent rectangles.